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Economy and the Labor Market

Why Immigrants Can Drive the Green Economy (June 2010). Immigration Policy Center. This report explains how policymakers envision millions of new jobs as the nation pursues renewable energy sources, like wind and solar power, and discusses the connection between immigration and the development and commercialization of alternative energy technology.

The Impact of Immigrants in Recession and Economic Expansion  (June 2010). In this new Migration Policy Institute report, University of California, Davis economist Giovanni Peri finds that immigration unambiguously improves employment, productivity, and income but that it also involves some short-term adjustments (such as worker retraining or adoption of new technology).

Many Happy Returns: Remittances and Their Impact (February 2010). The Immigration Policy Center released this report by Kristin Johnson, Ph.D. which analyzes remittances and their effect on the economies of both the U.S. and receiving countries.

Immigration and Wages: Methodological Advancements Confirm Modest Gains for Native Workers (February 2010). The Economic Policy Institute (EPI) report shows that in the ongoing debate on immigration, there is broad agreement among academic economists that it has a small but positive impact on the wages of native-born workers overall: although new immigrant workers add to the labor supply, they also consume goods and services, which creates more jobs.

Raising the Floor for American Workers (January 2010). According to a new study by UCLA’s Dr. Raúl Hinojosa-Ojeda, Raising the Floor for American Workers: The Economic Benefits of Comprehensive Immigration Reform, legalizing undocumented workers through comprehensive immigration reform would yield $1.5 trillion to the U.S. GDP over a ten year period, generate billions in additional tax revenue and consumer spending and support hundreds of thousands of jobs. The report, which runs several different economic scenarios, finds that enacting a comprehensive immigration reform plan which creates a legalization process for undocumented workers and sets a flexible visa program dependent on U.S. labor demands not only raises the floor for all American workers, but is an economic necessity.

Critical Care: The Role of Immigrant Workers in U.S. Health Care (December 2009). The Immigration Policy Center reports that lost in the health care debate is the simple demographic fact that immigrants are a critical component of the health care workforce at both the high-skilled and less-skilled ends of the occupational spectrum. Most notably, immigrants comprise more than one-quarter of all Physicians and Surgeons in the United States, and roughly one-fifth of all Nursing, Psychiatric, and Home Health Aides.

The Economics and Policy of Illegal Immigration in the United States (December 2009). This Migration Policy Institute report by Gordon H. Hanson, a professor of economics at UC-San Diego, analyzes the economic impact of illegal immigration and immigration policies in the U.S.

Immigrants and the Economy: Contribution of Immigrant Workers to the Country's 25 Largest Metropolitan Areas, with a focus on the five largest metro areas in the East (December 2009). In the 25 largest metropolitan areas of the United States, immigrants are contributing to the economy in very close proportion to their share of the population, according to a report released today by the Fiscal Policy Institute. The report looks at all immigrants - documented and undocumented, across the economic spectrum.

Tied to the Business Cycle: How Immigrants Fare in Good and Bad Economic Times (November 2009). Migration Policy Institute, By Pia M. Orrenius and Madeline Zavodny. The report, which analyzes employment and unemployment patterns over the past 15 years and two recessions, shows that immigrant economic outcomes began deteriorating before the current recession officially began in December 2007, tracing immigrants' declining fortunes largely to the housing bust which began in spring 2006. 

The Economic Blame Game: U.S. Unemployment is Not Caused by Immigration (November 2009) Immigration Policy Center.

It's Tax Time! Immigrants and Taxes: Contributions to State and Federal Coffers (2008) This IPC report finds that immigrants not only pay their own way in taxes, but play a hefty role in shoring up the teetering Social Security system, and provide a fiscal windfall to U.S. taxpayers by tending to come to the United States during their prime working years—after the costs of their education and upbringing have been borne by their home countries.

The Economic Impact of Immigrants in Minnesota (October, 2009) Report by Katherine Fennelly and Anne Huart

Estimating the Contribution of Immigrant Business Owners to the U.S. Economy (November, 2008). Robert W. Fairlie. Small Business Administration.

Uneven Progress: The Employment Pathways of Skilled Immigrants in the United States (October, 2008). Jeanne Batalova and Michael Fix, with Peter a. Creticos. Migration Policy Institute.

Ethnic Capital and Minnesota's Future: Liberians in the United States and Minnesota (June, 2008). Bruce P. Corrie. Concordia University - St. Paul, Minnesota.

Ethnic Capital and Minnesota's Future: Mexican-Americans in Minnesota (March, 2008). Bruce P. Corrie. Concordia University - St. Paul, Minnesota.

Intellectual Property, the Immigration Backlog, and a Reverse Brain-Drain: America's New Immigrant Entrepreneurs, Part III (August, 2007). This final report of the "America's New Immigrant Entrepreneurs" three-part series analyzes the immigrant-visa backlog for skilled workers and finds that the number of skilled workers waiting for visas is significantly larger than the number that can be admitted to the United States.

Immigration's Economic Impact (June 20, 2007). A study and report done by the President's Council of Economic Advisors concludes that immigration is largely beneficial to the United States.  The statement prefacing the report summarizes, "Our review of economic research finds immigrants not only help fuel the Nation's economicgrowth, but also have an overall positive effect on the income of native-born workers." -Council of Economic Advisers Chairman Edward P. Lazear

Selecting Economic Stream Immigrants Through Points System (May, 2007). Demetrios G. Papademetriou of the Migration Policy Institute discusses the points system.

Dollars without Sense: Underestimating the Value of Less-Educated Workers (May, 2007). Walter A. Ewing and Benjamin Johnson of the Immigration Policy Center address the inaccuracy of economic analyses done on the fiscal contributions of immigrant workers and reports on the actual benefits that occur.

The Economic Logic of Illegal Immigration (April, 2007). Gordon H. Hanson of the Council of Foreign Relations discusses the economic costs and benefits of illegal immigration.

U.S. Immigration Policy in Global Perspective: International Migration in OECD Countries (January, 2007). Immigration Policy Center. The United States faces growing competition in the global labor market from other countries within the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), as well as from the expanding economic opportunities available in the home countries of Indian and Chinese professionals.  The report highlights these trends which underscore the need to revamp U.S. immigration policies to make them more responsive to the demands of an increasingly competitive global economy.

America's New Immigrant Entrepreneurs (January, 2007). A team of researchers from Duke University and University of California, Berkeley have created this report, which is the first of a three part series. By looking at a large sample of all engineering and technology companies founded in the last ten years, the researchers examined the economic and intellectual contributions of immigrant technologists and engineers at a national level.

Attracting the Best and the Brightest: The Promise and Pitfalls of a Skill-Based Immigration Policy (December, 2006). Kara Murphy of the Immigration Policy Center discusses the impact of a skill-based immigration policy.

The Second Generation and Self-Employment (October, 2006). Migration Information Source.

The Economic and Fiscal Effects of the Senate's Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006 (September, 2006) National Immigration Law Center.

Paying Their Way and Then Some: Facts about the Contributions of Immigrants to Economic Growth and Public Investment (September, 2006). National Immigration Law Center.

Growth in the Foreign-Born Workforce and Employment of the Native Born (August 10, 2006). Rakesh Kochar of the Pew Hispanic Center. This report examining the boom years of the 1990s and the economic downturn and recovery since 2000, finds that rapid increases in foreign-born population at a state level are not associated with negative effects on employment of the native-born population.

The Growth and Reach of Immigration (August, 2006). Rob Paral Immigration Policy Institute. New data released by the U.S. Census Bureau on August 15th underscore the extent to which immigration continues to fuel the expansion of the U.S. labor force.

Rethinking the Effects of Immigration on Wages (July, 2006). Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri. This report discusses the impact immigrant workers have on average and individual wages for the U.S. born.  The findings imply a small negative effect on the uneducated U.S. born and a positive wage effect on all other U.S. born workers.

Managing Immigration as a Resource. (July, 2006).  Benjamin Johnson in Immigration Monthly.  This report stresses the importance of considering immigration issues beyond enforcement, insisting that the nation must treat immigration as a valuable resource to our economy and labor force. 

Open Letter on Immigration (June 19, 2006). Letter written by numerous economists to the Bush adminstration extolling the benefits of immigrants to the United States.

Economic Impact of Immigrants (May 25, 2006). Office of the Legislative Auditor. Through gauging impact on wages, jobs, prices and businesses, this report indicates that undocumented immigrants may give more to Minnesota than they take. In addition it questions the Pawlenty report.

Bringing Immigrants Into The Federal Tax System: A Net Gain For The Treasury (May 23, 2006). Aviva Aron-Dine and Isaac Shapiro, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.

Civics Contributions: Taxes Paid By Immigrants in the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area (May, 2006). Jeffrey S. Passel (Pew Hispanic Center), Michael Fix (Migration Policy Institute) and Randy Capps and Everett Henderson (The Urban Institute).

Immigrants, Skills and Wages: Reassessing the Economic Gains from Immigration (2006). Giovanni Peri, Ph.D.  Immigration Policy Center.  The report discusses findings that immigration increases the wages of all native-born workers, except for those who do not have a high-school diploma, with that impact much smaller than previously anticpated.  The report recommends well-balanced immigration policy.

The Immigration Effect (2006). Doug Campbell. The report discusses the economic impact of undocumented immigrants.

Building A Competitive Workforce: Immigration And The US Manufacturing Sector (2006). David L. Bartlett, Immigration Weekly.

Immigration: The Effects on Native-Born Workers (2006). Linda Levine, CRS Report for Congress. The large influx of immigrants in recent decades has led to an equally long, still unresolved debate over its effects on the ecnomic well-being of native-born workers. Specifically, does immigration impose costs on U.S. born workers by diminshing their labor market prospects?

The Multiplier Effect (Summer, 2005). National Foundation for American Policy. An analysis of the educational standing of immigrant children and their contributions to the United States' scientific, mathematical and technological base.

The Contribution of Legal Immigration To The Social Security System (February, 2005). Stuart Anderson, National foundation for American Policy.

Economic Impacts of Immigration (2005). Harry J. Holzer. Urban Institute. This report analyzes the economic effects of over the over 40 million foreign-born residents of the United States on the US economy.

Is the New Immigration Really So Bad? (2005). David Card. This academic paper reviews the recent evidence on U.S. immigration, focusing on two key questions: (1) Does immigration reduce the labor market opportunities of less-skilled natives? (2) Have immigrants who arrived after the 1965 Immigration Reform Act successfully assimilated?

Migrating to Recovery:  The Role of Immigration in Urban Renewal  (July, 2003). Immigration Policy Center and American Immigration Law Foundation.  The report stresses how immigration is a key source of long-term economic vitality, particularly in urban areas facing population loss, labor shortages and increases in retirees.

Profile of the Low-Wage Immigrant Workforce (2003). Randolph Capps, Michael E. Fix, Jeffrey S. Passel, Jason Ost, and Dan Pert. Urban Institute. This report documents the increasingly large share of the low-wage workforce filled by immigrant labor.

Mexican Immigrant Workers and the U.S. Economy:  An Increasingly Vital Role (September, 2002). American Immigration Law Foundation.  This study found that Mexican workers are integral to U.S. economic growth.

Immigrants and the Economy (2002). American Civil Liberties Union. The report addresses the myth that immigrants take jobs from Americans and are a drain on the economy.

Migration as International Trade: The Economic Gains from the Liberalized Movement of Labor (September, 1998). Howard Chang. This report explores the mutual benefits gained by the movement of labor from low wage countries to high wage countries.